Understanding the hidden health challenges of Autism and ADHD
Thursday, June 6, 2024.
Recent research highlights a concerning connection between autism, ADHD, and an increased risk of early death.
A comprehensive review of 27 separate studies indicates that folks with autism or ADHD face double the risk of dying prematurely compared to the general population.
These early deaths result from both natural and unnatural causes, underscoring the critical need for awareness and intervention (Catalá-López et al., 2022).
ADHD and early death: unnatural causes dominate
ADHD, affecting approximately 5% of the population, shows a particularly strong link to unnatural causes of death.
Previous research by Dalsgaard et al. (2015) indicates that individuals with ADHD are at heightened risk of fatal accidents. Early diagnosis of ADHD serves as a protective factor, significantly reducing this risk. Those diagnosed after the age of 18, especially females, face a fourfold increase in early death risk.
Dr. Søren Dalsgaard, the lead author of the study, emphasizes:
“Our findings underscore the importance of diagnosing ADHD early, particularly in girls and women, and addressing any co-existing antisocial and substance use disorders.
It's crucial to note that although the relative risk of premature death is increased in ADHD, the absolute risk remains low” (Dalsgaard et al., 2015).
Autism and early death: The role of natural causes
The connection between autism and early death primarily stems from natural causes.
Humans with autism are more susceptible to mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and tic disorders. These co-existing conditions often lead to sedentary lifestyles, obesity, heart disease, and other serious health problems (Catalá-López et al., 2022).
Professor Stephen Faraone, an expert on ADHD and related disorders, offers reassurance:
“While discussions about premature death may alarm parents and patients, it's important to understand that the absolute risk of early death is low. Moreover, evidence-based treatments can significantly mitigate these risks” (Faraone et al., 2022).
The hidden health challenges of autism and ADHD
Beyond the immediate risks, autism and ADHD pose numerous hidden health challenges. For example, individuals with autism often face difficulties in accessing appropriate healthcare, which can exacerbate existing health conditions. Similarly, those with ADHD may struggle with impulsivity and attention issues, leading to increased risks of substance abuse and poor lifestyle choices.
Mental Health Issues
Both autism and ADHD are frequently accompanied by other mental health disorders. Depression and anxiety are common among individuals with autism, while those with ADHD may experience antisocial behaviors and substance use disorders. These mental health challenges require comprehensive treatment approaches to ensure better health outcomes.
Physical Health Problems
Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and related health issues are prevalent among individuals with autism and ADHD. Lack of physical activity can lead to cardiovascular diseases and other chronic conditions. Regular exercise and healthy lifestyle choices are essential for improving overall health and longevity.
Final thoughts
Understanding the hidden health challenges of autism and ADHD is crucial for improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of early death among affected individuals.
Early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment plans, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices can significantly mitigate these risks. Parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers must work together to ensure that folks with autism and ADHD receive the support and care they need.
Be Well, Stay Kind, and Godspeed
REFERENCES::
Catalá-López, F., Hutton, B., Driver, J. A., Page, M. J., Ridao, M., Macías Saint-Gerons, D., & Moher, D. (2022). Risk of mortality among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(4), 375-384. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2789090
Dalsgaard, S., Østergaard, S. D., Leckman, J. F., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, M. G. (2015). Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A nationwide cohort study. The Lancet, 385(9983), 2190-2196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61684-6
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (2006). The age-dependent decline of ADHD: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 36(2), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705005228
